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The Mughal Empire (), self-designation Gurkānī, گوركانى, lasted from the early sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. At its peak, around 1700, it covered most of the Indian subcontinent and parts of what is now Afghanistan. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 100 and 150 million, over a territory of over 3 million square km.[1] After 1720, it declined rapidly. The decline has been variously described as due to wars of succession, agrarian crises fueling local revolts, and the growth of a religious intolerance which alienated earlier supporters. The last Emperor, whose rule was restricted to the city of Delhi, was imprisoned and exiled by the British after the Rebellion of 1857.